PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.